Novel application of surface plasmon resonance biosensor chips for measurement of advanced glycation end products in serum of Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in diabetic complications. To measure AGEs, especially N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), in sera from Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) and Zucker lean rats (ZL), we used a novel method of protein chip and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). Serum samples were obtained from male ZDF and ZL rats at 20 weeks of age. Antibodies to AGEs or CML were immobilized on a gold surface, which was modified by cysteine-tagged, protein-G constructs. The gold chip upon which the serum was spotted was optically coupled with a prism coupler. The reflected images from the gold chip were obtained using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The direct analysis of the glycated proteins and products using SPRI showed that AGEs and CML levels were elevated in ZDF serum, compared with ZL serum. The lowest detection limit of AGEs was 10 ng/ml, with a working range covering the physiological range. These results indicate that the protein chip and SPRI system is very suitable for the measurement of glycated proteins and end products in serum samples. This system offers high sensitivity without any fluorescent or other labeling of the components and saves a substantial amount of time, resources, and labor. Our results suggest that SPRI systems can be used as a tool to diagnose diabetic complications.     

术前修正衰弱指数联合血清PGE2、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨术前修正衰弱指数（mFI）联合血清前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、白细胞介素-17A（IL-17A）预测老年髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄（POD）的临床研究。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年7月四川大学华西医院收治的276例老年髋关节置换术患者，根据是否发生POD分为POD组和非POD组。计算术前mFI，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平。分析老年髋关节置换术患者POD的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平对老年髋关节置换术患者POD的预测价值。结果：276例老年髋关节置换术患者POD发生率为17.03%（47/276）。与非POD组比较，POD组mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平升高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、糖尿病、脑卒中、mFI、PGE₂、IL-17A为老年髋关节置换术患者POD的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，mFI联合血清PGE₂、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者POD的曲线下面积（AUC）大于mFI、PGE₂、IL-17A单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平升高与老年髋关节置换术患者POD独立相关，mFI联合血清PGE₂、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者POD的价值较高，可能成为老年髋关节置换术患者POD的辅助预测指标。     

Recognition and treatment of response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: review article

Summary.  Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by definition benefit from treatment with the dopamine precursor levodopa. However, after 5 years of therapy 50% of patients experience motor response complications (MRC's): the benefit from each dose becomes shorter (wearing-off fluctuations), more unpredictable (on-off fluctuations) and associated with involuntary movements (dyskinesias). In addition these patients suffer from fluctuations in motor function that are inherent to the disease itself. Recent findings have lead to the suggestion that hyperfunction of NMDA receptors on striatal efferent neurons, as a consequence of chronic non-physiologic dopaminergic stimulation, contributes to the pathogenesis of MRC's. In PD patients blockade of striatal glutamate receptors with several NMDA-antagonists improve MRC's. With progression of PD the severity and complexity of MRC's magnify, obfuscating their pattern and their relation to the medication cycle. Only through detailed history taking and patient education will the physician be able to clarify the situation and establish a rational, targeted approach to the treatment of patients with advanced PD complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Received July 7, 2001 Accepted August 6, 2001 Published online September 10, 2002     

Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II mRNA Content Is Reduced in Insulin-Dependent and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Diabetic encephalopathy, characterized by structural, electrophysiological, neurochemical, and cognitive abnormalities, is observed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-IDDM (NIDDM). Identification of early biochemical lesions potentially may provide clues pointing to its pathogenesis. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are neurotrophic factors that recently have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Because IGF-II is the predominant IGF in adult brain, we tested the hypothesis that IGF-II gene expression is decreased in the CNS in both IDDM and NIDDM. Brain and spinal cord were isolated from streptozotocin-diabetic rats, a model of IDDM with weight loss and impaired insulin production. IGF-II mRNA content was measured by northern and slot blots. After 2 weeks of diabetes, IGF-II mRNA content per milligram of tissue wet weight, as well as per unit of poly(A)⁺ RNA, declined significantly (p≤ 0.05) in brain and spinal cord. Insulin replacement therapy partially restored IGF-II mRNA levels in brain, cortex, medulla, and spinal cord. The obese, hyperinsulinemic, and spontaneously diabetic (fa/fa) Zucker rat was used as a model of NIDDM. Brain weight (p < 0.025) and IGF-II mRNA contents (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased in (fa/fa) versus lean nondiabetic (+/?) rats. Therefore, the decline in IGF-II mRNA levels in diabetic brain was independent of the type of diabetes, the direction of change in body weight, and the insulinemic state. We speculate that this early biochemical lesion may contribute to the development of diabetic encephalopathy.     

Population‐based Study of Trends,Costs, and Complications of Weight Loss Surgeries from 1990 to 2002

Objective: To describe the trends, costs, and complications associated with weight loss surgery (WLS). Research Methods and Procedures: Wisconsin inpatient hospital discharge data from 1990 to 2003 were used for analysis. A WLS case was defined as anyone with a WLS‐related procedure code and a primary diagnosis of morbid obesity. Charges were inflation‐adjusted to 2001 constant dollars; complications were defined on the basis of readmission, extended length of stay, repeat surgical procedures, or death. Results: The number of WLSs increased from 269 in 1990 to 1992 to 1884 in 2000 to 2002 (rate ratio = 4.6). Increases in WLSs were greatest among those 50 to 59 years of age (rate ratio = 6.4), women (rate ratio = 6.8), and blacks (rate ratio = 20.0). Between the two periods, inflation‐adjusted WLS charges increased 12‐fold, and the inflation‐adjusted charge per procedure doubled, despite a decreased length of stay. For 2000 to 2002, 23.3% of WLS patients had either an extended length of stay or readmission within 30 days, 7.4% required a repeat surgical procedure, and 0.7% died. Discussion: In Wisconsin, the rate and costs of WLSs have increased dramatically, and the incidence of postoperative complications was high. The epidemic of obesity in the United States makes it imperative to better assess the cost‐effectiveness of WLS and to improve its safety.     

Nitric oxide donor-based FFA1 agonists: Design,synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anti-diabetic and anti-thrombotic agents

The cardiovascular complications were highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even at the early stage of T2DM or the state of intensive glycemic control. Thus, there is an urgent need for the intervention of cardiovascular complications in T2DM. Herein, the new hybrids of FFA1 agonist and NO donor were design to obtain dual effects of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-thrombosis. As expected, the induced-fit docking study suggested that it is feasible for our design strategy to hybrid NO donor with compound 1. These hybrids exhibited moderate FFA1 agonistic activities and anti-platelet aggregation activities, and their anti-platelet effects mediated by NO were also confirmed in the presence of NO scavenger. Moreover, compound 3 revealed significantly hypoglycemic effect and even stronger than that of TAK-875 during an oral glucose tolerance test in mice. Potent and multifunctional hybrid, such as compound 3, is expected as a potential candidate with additional cardiovascular benefits for the treatment of T2DM.     

食管癌术后并发症及其处理

食管癌是我国一种常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,居世界癌症死因第7位,中国癌症死因第4位。其中以中段鳞状细胞癌多见,临床表现以晚期进行性吞咽困难为主,确诊主要以胃镜病理活检为金标准,其治疗方法主要有手术、放疗、化疗及分子靶向治疗等。但目前治疗上仍然以手术为主,术前术后放化疗为辅。然而,随着手术在食管癌治疗中适应症的不断扩大、根治性手术淋巴结的扩大清扫及拥有基础疾病高龄患者的增多,术后并发症的发生率不可避免的随之增加。本文将重点阐述吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、呼吸及心血管并发症、乳糜胸、胃排空障碍、膈疝、喉返神经损伤及单纯脓胸、严重腹泻、呕血等食管癌术后常见、严重并发症的病因、临床表现与诊断、治疗及其预防。通过对食管癌术后并发症的充分认识及有效预防,从而对食管癌手术成功率及患者术后生存质量的提高、肿瘤预后的改善起到了重要作用。     

术后放化疗对淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者的临床意义

目的:探讨术后放化疗在治疗淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌中的毒副作用、临床预后及可能影响因素。方法:选择淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者为研究对象,纳入研究患者共计64例,术后放疗剂量为50 Gy,化疗方案为顺铂联合紫杉醇(21 d方案),观察并记录患者不良反应情况,分析患者3年无瘤生存情况,并进一步探讨可能影响预后的相关因素。结果:患者出现骨髓抑制(白细胞下降),其中Ⅰ/Ⅱ度骨髓抑制39例(61.0%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度骨髓抑制19例(29.7%);胃肠道反应Ⅰ/Ⅱ度15例(23.4%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度6例(9.4%);无肝肾功能异常或明显过敏反应;Ⅰ/Ⅱ度放射性食管炎和放射性气管炎分别为18例(28.1%)和14例(21.9%),晚期肺损伤Ⅲ/Ⅳ度2例(3.1%)。64例患者的3年无瘤生存期为28.8个月,无瘤生存率为46.9%。本研究未发现明显影响术后放化疗治疗淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者预后的相关因素(P0.05)。结论:淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者术后放化疗的不良反应主要为白细胞下降、胃肠道反应和放射性损伤等,患者均可耐受,且3年无瘤生存显著改善,可用于淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者治疗。     

普外科手术后期并发脑梗死患者的相关危险因素病例对照研究

目的:探讨普外科手术后期患者并发脑梗死与其相关危险因素的关系,以指导普外科医生在术前和术中有效评估病人发生手术后期脑梗死的风险,并做到积极预防。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年~2014年普外科手术后期发生脑梗死的患者,采用病例对照研究的方法,将手术后发生脑梗死的患者36例作为病例组,按手术方式进行1:2配比,从相同手术方式且未发生脑梗死的的患者中随机抽取72例作为对照,采用SPSS13.0软件进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析。结果:单、多因素条件Logistic回归分析表明,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常,术中低灌注均可能是普外科手术后期发生脑梗死的危险因素,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在调整年龄和性别后,术中低灌注仍最容易发生脑梗死,其次为糖尿病和高血压病史。结论:普外科术中应注意血压的监测和控制,尽量避免或减少低灌注;术前良好控制血压、血脂、血糖有助于降低普外科手术后患者发生脑梗死的风险;普外科医生应根据手术患者危险因素的多少及严重程度,尤其对于高龄患者,选择合理的手术时机及手术方式可能归避手术后期脑梗死的发生。